Manual Therapy
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 248-253 , June 2010

Sympathetic nervous system effects in the hands following a grade III postero-anterior rotatory mobilisation technique applied to T4: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial

  • Pete Jowsey

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physiotherapy, Bristol Community Health, Charlotte Keel Health Centre, Seymour Road, Easton, Bristol BS5 0UA, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 117 9027117.
  • ,
  • Jo Perry

      Affiliations

    • Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK

Received 13 August 2009 ,Revised 5 November 2009 ,Accepted 14 December 2009.

References 

  1. Andreassi JL. Psychophysiology: human behaviour and physiological response. 4th ed.. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2000;
  2. Benhamou CL, Roux C, Tourliere D, Gervais T, Viala JF, Amor B. Pseudovisceral pain referred from costovertebral arthropathies. Spine. 1993;18(6):790–795
  3. Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. Statistics review 9: one-way analysis of variance. Critical Care. 2004;8(2):130–136
  4. Bogduk N. Innervation and pain patterns of the thoracic spine. In:  Grant R editors. Physical therapy of the cervical and thoracic spine. 3rd ed.. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2002;p. 73–84
  5. Chinn S. Repeatability and method comparison. Thorax. 1991;46:454–456
  6. Chiu TW, Wright A. To compare the effects of different rates of application of a cervical mobilisation technique on sympathetic outflow to the upper limb in normal subjects. Manual Therapy. 1996;1(4):198–203
  7. Christensen HW, Vach W, Vach K, Manniche C, Haghfelt T, Hartvigsen L, et al. Palpation of the upper thoracic spine: an observer reliability study. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2002;25(5):285–292
  8. Conroy JL, Schneiders AG. The T4 syndrome. Manual Therapy. 2005;10:292–296
  9. DeFranca CG, Levine LJ. The T4 syndrome. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics. 1995;18(1):34–37
  10. Dishman JD, Ball KA, Burke J. First prize: central motor excitability changes after spinal manipulation: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2002;25(1):1–9
  11. Dishman JD, Bulbulian R. Spinal reflex attenuation associated with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2000;25(19):2519–2525
  12. Dishman JD, Burke J. Spinal reflex excitability changes after cervical and lumbar spinal manipulation: a comparative study. Spine Journal. 2003;3(3):204–212
  13. Dishman JD, Cunningham BM, Burke J. Comparison of tibial nerve H-reflex excitability after cervical and lumbar spine manipulation. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2002;25(5):318–325
  14. Evans P. The T4 syndrome: some basic science aspects. Physiotherapy. 1997;83(4):186–189
  15. Evans DW. Mechanisms and effects of spinal high-velocity, low amplitude thrust manipulation: previous theories. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2002;25(4):251–262
  16. Fuller G. Neurological examination made easy. 2nd ed.. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1999;
  17. Grieve GP. The autonomic system in vertebral pain syndromes. In:  Grieve GP editors. Common vertebral joint problems. 2nd ed.. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1988;p. 319–329
  18. Grieve GP. Mobilisation of the spine: a primary handbook of clinical method. 5th ed.. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1991;
  19. Grieve GP. Thoracic musculoskeletal problems. In:  Boyling J,  Palastanga N editor. Grieve's modern manual therapy. 2nd ed.. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1994;p. 404–428
  20. Janig W, Habler HJ. Neurophysiological analysis of target-related sympathetic pathways – from animal to human: similarities and difference. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 2003;177:255–274
  21. Kuraishi Y, Harada Y, Aratani S, Satoh M, Takagi H. Separate involvement of the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in morphine analgesia: the difference in mechanical and thermal test. Brain Research. 1983;273:245–252
  22. Kuraishi Y, Kawamura M, Yamaguchi T. Intrathecal injection of galanin and its antiserum effect nocioceptive response of rat to mechanical but not thermal stimuli. Pain. 1991;44:321–324
  23. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–174
  24. Lord S. Biomechanics of the nervous system. New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy. 1995;April:22–25
  25. Maitland GD. Vertebral manipulation. 5th ed.. London: Butterworth & Co Ltd; 1986;
  26. Maitland GD, Hengeveld E, Banks K, English K. Maitland's vertebral manipulation. 7th ed.. London: Butterworth Heinemann; 2005;
  27. Mellick GA, Mellick LB. Clinical presentation, quantitative sensory testing, and therapy of 2 patients with fourth thoracic syndrome. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2006;29(5):403–408
  28. Moulson A, Watson T. A preliminary investigation into the relationship between cervical snags and sympathetic nervous system activity in the upper limbs of an asymptomatic population. Manual Therapy. 2006;11:214–224
  29. Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and human movement: structure and function. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann; 1990;p. 875
  30. Perry J, Green A. An investigation into the effects of a unilaterally applied lumbar mobilisation technique on peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity in the lower limbs. Manual Therapy. 2008;13:492–499
  31. Petersen B, Vicenzino B, Wright A. The effects of a cervical mobilisation technique on sympathetic outflow to the upper limb in normal subjects. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 1993;9:149–156
  32. Pickar JG. Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation. Spine Journal. 2002;2:357–371
  33. Potter L, McCarthy C, Oldham J. Physiological effects of spinal manipulation: a review of proposed theories. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2005;10:163–170
  34. Rowald M, Tozer T. Clinical pharmokinetics: concepts and applications. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1989;
  35. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kline G, Bogduk N. The false positive rate of uncontrolled diagnostic blocks of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints. Pain. 1994;58:195–200
  36. Siddall PJ, Cousins MJ. Spinal pain mechanisms. Spine. 1997;22(1):98–104
  37. Slater H, Vicenzino B, Wright A. Sympathetic slump: the effects of a novel manual therapy technique on peripheral sympathetic nervous system function. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 1994;2(4):156–162
  38. Slater H, Wright A. An investigation of the physiological effects of the sympathetic slump on peripheral nervous function in patients with frozen shoulder. In:  Shacklock MO editors. Moving in on pain. Australia: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995;
  39. Sterling M, Jull G, Wright A. Cervical mobilisation: concurrent effects on pain, sympathetic nervous system activity and motor activity. Manual Therapy. 2001;6(2):72–81
  40. Uematsu S, Jankel WR, Edwin DH. Quantification of thermal symmetry. Part 1: normal values and reproducibility. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1988;69:552–555
  41. Vicenzino B, Collins D, Benson H, Wright A. An investigation of the interrelationship between manipulative therapy-induced hypoalgesia and sympathoexcitation. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1998;21(7):448–453
  42. Vicenzino B, Collins D, Wright T. Sudomotor changes induced by neural mobilisation techniques in asymptomatic subjects. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 1994;2(2):66–74
  43. Vicenzino B, Gutschlag F, Collins D, Wright A. An investigation of the effects of spinal manual therapy on forequarter pressure and thermal pain thresholds and sympathetic nervous system activity in asymptomatic subjects: a preliminary report. In:  Shacklock MO editors. Moving in on pain. Australia: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995;
  44. Vincent C, Lewith GL. Placebo controls for acupuncture studies. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1995;88:199–202
  45. Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, Bannister LH. Gray's anatomy. 38th ed.. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995;1124–1125
  46. Wright A. Hypoalgesia post-manipulative therapy: a review of a potential neurophysiological mechanism. Manual Therapy. 1995;1:11–16
  47. Zusman M. Mechanisms of musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Physical Therapy Reviews. 2004;9:39–49

PII: S1356-689X(09)00218-5

doi: 10.1016/j.math.2009.12.008

Manual Therapy
Volume 15, Issue 3 , Pages 248-253 , June 2010